Introduction
The city of Istanbul, renowned for its rich history and architectural splendour, houses some of the most magnificent mosques in the world. Among its vast collection of architectural treasures, the mosques stand out for their impressive minarets and their profound historical trajectory. In this article, we will explore the 10 most outstanding historical mosques in Istanbul, delving into the beauty of its Ottoman calligraphy, the Iznik tiles and the majestic domes that adorn these architectural jewels. From the grandeur of the Blue Mosque to the imposing presence of the Süleymaniye Mosque, we will discover the fascinating intersection between history, culture and architecture in these magnificent structures.
Get ready for a journey that will immerse you in the grandeur of Islamic architecture and the rich history of Istanbul!
1. Blue Mosque (Sultanahmet Camii)
History and Architecture
The Blue Mosque, also known as Sultanahmet Camii, is one of the most emblematic mosques in Istanbul. Built between 1609 and 1616 by Sultan Ahmed I, this mosque is famous for its six minarets and impressive central dome. The interior is adorned with more than 20,000 Iznik tiles, which give it its characteristic blue color.
Highlights
- Ottoman Calligraphy: The calligraphy decorates the walls with verses of the Quran.
- Iznik Tiles: Hand painted tiles represent floral and geometric patterns.
- Majestic tubes: The central dome and the secondary domes create an impressive visual effect.
2. Süleymaniye Mosque
History and Architecture
The Süleymaniye Mosque was built by Sultan Suleimán the Magnificent in 1557 and designed by the famous architect Mimar Sinan. It is known for its greatness and its dominant location on one of the seven hills in Istanbul.
Highlights
- Ottoman Calligraphy: Intricate calligraphic details adorn the interior.
- Iznik Tiles: Blue and white tiles decorate the walls.
- Majestic tubes: The main dome stands at 53 meters high, symbolizing the power of the Ottoman Empire.
3. Mosque of Eyüp Sultan
History and Architecture
The Eyüp Sultan Mosque, located near the Golden Horn, is one of the most important pilgrimage sites in Istanbul. Built in 1458, this mosque houses the tomb of Eyüp Sultan, a companion of Prophet Mohammed.
Highlights
- Ottoman Calligraphy: Sacred texts adorn the walls.
- Iznik Tiles: Beautiful tiles cover the interior surfaces.
- Majestic tubes: Domes create an atmosphere of serenity and spirituality.
4. Fatih Mosque
History and Architecture
The Fatih Mosque, built by Sultan Mehmed II in 1463, is one of the largest mosques in Istanbul. It is a symbol of the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople.
Highlights
- Ottoman Calligraphy: Caligraphic details highlighting the historical importance of the place.
- Iznik Tiles: Beautiful tiles that embellish the interior.
- Majestic tubes: The main dome and the secondary domes provide majesty.
5. Mosque of Rüstem Pasha
History and Architecture
The Rüstem Pasha Mosque, built in 1563 and designed by Mimar Sinan, is famous for its rich decoration of Iznik tiles.
Highlights
- Ottoman Calligraphy: Decorative calligraphy that enriches the interior space.
- Iznik Tiles: The mosque is covered with an extraordinary collection of tiles.
- Majestic tubes: The central dome is an example of classical Ottoman architecture.
6. Yeni Valide Mosque
History and Architecture
Located in the Eminönü district, the Yeni Valide Mosque was built in 1663. It is known for its large courtyard and adjacent complex that includes a school and a market.
Highlights
- Ottoman Calligraphy: The calligraphic texts embellish the interior.
- Iznik Tiles: Ornamental tiles that decorate walls and ceilings.
- Majestic tubes: The main dome and the smaller domes create an imposing view.
7. Mihrimah Sultan Mosque
History and Architecture
The Mihrimah Sultan Mosque, located in Üsküdar, was built in 1548 by the architect Mimar Sinan for the daughter of Sultan Suleimán the Magnificent.
Highlights
- Ottoman Calligraphy: Calligraphic inscriptions that adorn the interior.
- Iznik Tiles: Detailed tiles that decorate the inner walls.
- Majestic tubes: The central dome is a masterpiece of Ottoman architecture.
8. Mosque of Şehzade
History and Architecture
The Şehzade Mosque, built between 1543 and 1548 by order of Sultan Suleimán the Magnificent in memory of his son Şehzade Mehmed, is one of the earliest works of Mimar Sinan.
Highlights
- Ottoman Calligraphy: Beautiful calligraphic details that decorate the interior.
- Iznik Tiles: Decorative tiles that embellish the mosque.
- Majestic tubes: The main dome and the smaller domes highlight the greatness of the place.
9. Ortaköy Mosque
History and Architecture
The Ortaköy Mosque, officially called the Great Imperial Mosque of Ortaköy, was built in the nineteenth century on the banks of the Bosphorus. It is known for its beautiful location and its neo-baroque style.
Highlights
- Ottoman Calligraphy: Caligraphic details that enrich the interior.
- Iznik Tiles: Colorful tiles that decorate the mosque.
- Majestic tubes: The main dome offers an impressive view of the Bosphorus.
10. Dolmabahçe Mosque
History and Architecture
Built in the nineteenth century, the Dolmabahçe Mosque is located near the Dolmabahçe Palace and is an example of late Ottoman architecture with European influences.
Highlights
- Ottoman Calligraphy: Beautiful calligraphic details that decorate the interior.
- Iznik Tiles: Decorative tiles that embellish the walls.
- Majestic tubes: The main dome stands out for its elegance and majesty.
Conclusion
Istanbul, the majestic capital that unites two continents, is a destination full of charm and architectural wonders. From the elegant Ottoman calligraphy that adorns its walls, passing through the dazzling tiles of Iznik, to the imposing and majestic domes that rise to the sky, each mosque tells a history of devotion, art and historical legacy. The splendor of these mosques and the beauty of their calligraphy, tiles and domes transcend time, leaving a lasting impression on those who have the privilege of experiencing them.
Discover Istanbul through its magnificent mosques and immerse yourself in the wealth of its architectural heritage!